Addendum to Al-Isra and the “Temple” in the Islamic Sources: A Response to Sam Shamoun

Addendum to Al-Isra and the “Temple” in the Islamic Sources: A Response to Sam Shamoun

Originally posted on the Quran and Bible blog

بِسْمِ اللهِ الرَّحْمٰنِ الرَّحِيْم

“Exalted is He who took His Servant by night from al-Masjid al-Haram to al-Masjid al-Aqsa, whose surroundings We have blessed, to show him of Our signs. Indeed, He is the Hearing, the Seeing.”

– The Quran, Surah Al-Isra, 17:1

            Sam “the Scam” Shamoun has been foaming at the mouth since we last met him on the subject of Al-Isra and the “temple”. In our last series, we saw Shamoun crash and burn on his laughable claim that a masjid can only be a physical building, and that the Quran’s reference to Al-Masjid Al-Aqsa in Surah 17 must have been the temple, instead of the entire Temple Mount site.[1] After being refuted, Shamoun made excuses that he does not have the time to write articles, and instead “challenged” me to a debate, which I turned down.[2] Well, after a nearly 6-month hibernation, Shamoun came back and gave me a week (as of 01/09/20)[3] to accept yet another “challenge” to a debate before he goes “public” again (which he did as of 03/18/20). Needless to say, I will not be accepting this “challenge” because I prefer written correspondence. As I have said to Shamoun in the past:

“The pen is mightier than the loudmouth.”

Instead, I decided to annoy Shamoun even more by embarrassing him with more scholarly references to finish off his pathetic argument once and for all.[4] It should be noted that this Addendum is purely for fun, as I smashed Shamoun’s argument in the last 3-part series.

            Readers of the last series may remember the following table:

A masjid does not have to be a building/Al-Masjid Al-Aqsa refers to the Temple Mount in Jerusalem/Al-Masjid Al-Haram refers to the Kaaba and the land around it A masjid can only be a building/Al-Masjid Al-Aqsa and Al-Masjid Al-Haram refer to physical buildings (i.e., the temple and the Kaaba, respectively)
Muslim scholars Non-Muslim scholars/sources Muslim scholars Non-Muslim scholars Other
Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him)

Hatem Bazian

Ibn Kathir

Ibn Taymiyyah

Ismail Patel

Khalid El-Awaisi

Mohamad Rasdi

Muhammad Asad

Mujir Al-Din Al-Hanbali

Mustafa Abu Sway

Yehia Wazery

Yusuf Ali

 

 

Aaron W. Hughes

Edward Lane

Jonathan Bloom

Robert Hillenbrand

Sheila Blair

Uri Rubin

Encyclopedia Britannica

 

None None Sam Shamoun

In this article, I will be expanding this one-sided table to further demonstrate that Shamoun is utterly lost. The man is a loser, pure and simple. His pride and ego will no doubt keep him from admitting the facts and he will probably continue with his tirades until the last hour arrives. Nevertheless, by the end of this article, the table above will be even more one-sided, insha’Allah.

The Additional Evidence

            So, let us begin this fun exercise in demolition. Regarding the Arabic term masjid and the Muslim belief in the whole earth being a “masjid”, Islamic scholar Basit Kareem Iqbal states (emphasis ours):

“Salah, that is, does not require a sanctuary constructed specifically for the purpose of worship, as was required of other nations, and water ablutions may be replaced if circumstances so dictate.”[5]

Furthermore, he explains the difference between masjid and musalla as follows:

“Musalla’ appears in the Qur’ān once (2:125), and denotes simply a place in which prayers are performed. ‘Masjid’, on the other hand, linguistically denotes the place of sujud, which is a part of the prayer.”[6]

Malaysian Muslim scholars Harlina Sharif, Jamilah Othman, Khalruddin Abdul Rashid, and Azila Ahmad Sarkawi reiterate this as well, while citing classical scholars (emphasis ours):

“The word masjid, thus, designates the place or the utility that facilitates for prostration to be performed (Ibn Manzur, III, 1941; Al-Zarkashy, 1384H, pp. 26-8). Based on the hadith of the Prophet Muhammad (s.a.w): ‘The whole earth is made a masjid for me’ (Al-Bukhari, hadith no. 438; Muslim, hadith no. 1161-7); Al-Qadhi Íyadh expanded the word to include every space on the earth, which has been made pure for the Muslims to perform their prayers (salat) is considered a masjid.[7]

            Non-Muslim scholars like Dr. Christopher E. Longhurst echo this scholarly consensus:

“Since submission to God is the essence of divine worship, the place of worship is intrinsic to Islam’s self-identity. This ‘place’ is not a building per se but what is evidenced by the etymology of the word ‘mosque’ which derives from the Arabic ‘masjid’ meaning ‘a place of sujud (prostration).’”[8]

This is also confirmed by Ray Colledge, who explains that a “mosque” can be a building or any place where prayers are performed (emphasis ours):

“A mosque is a building where Muslims bow before Allah to show their submission to His will. It is not necessary to have a building to do this. Muhammad said that ‘Wherever the hour of prayer overtakes you, you shall perform the prayer. That place is the mosque’. In his early days in Makkah there was no mosque, so he and his friends would pray anywhere.”[9]

            The fact that a “masjid” does not necessarily have to be a physical building, complete with windows, door, or a roof has been confirmed by the discovery of many early mosques.[10] One such discovery happened very recently, when one of the world’s earliest mosques was discovered in the Negev desert. This mosque, shown below, shows that all that was necessary to “build” a mosque was to place some stones around a designated area, along with the mihrab.

BBC - mosque

Figure 1 – An open-air mosque discovered in the Negev desert (Source: https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-49036815)

            Now let us discuss the identification of Al-Masjid Al-Aqsa in the Quran, Surah Al-Isra, 17:1. According to Angelika Neuwirth:

“[t]his somewhat cryptic verse mentions a nocturnal ‘exodus’ viewed analogously to that of Moses, leading the prophet [Muhammad] out of Mecca toward ‘the other sanctuary’ par excellence, located within the Blessed Land; namely the Temple Mount of Jerusalem, the masjid of the Banu Isra’il.”[11]

Like other non-Muslim scholars, such as Uri Rubin, Neuwirth correctly identifies Al-Masjid Al-Aqsa not just with the temple, but more broadly with the entire Temple Mount.

            Similarly, Dr. Ophir Yarden states regarding the Temple Mount that:

“[f]or Muslims it is al-Masjid al-Aqsa (the furthest mosque), Muhammad’s destination in his night journey (al-isra`) as alluded to in the opening verse of Sura 17 of the Qur’an.”[12]

Other non-Muslim scholars, besides the ones already listed in the table, hold this view as well. Gulru Necipoglu states (emphasis ours):

“It seems reasonable to me that among the diverse coexisting interpretations, the one connecting ‘the Furthest Place of Prayer” with Jerusalem (accepted in Muqatil’s exegesis) must have been prevalent in Syria-Palestine by the late seventh century. […] Pedersen concludes that the Muslims recognized the holiness of the Jerusalem sanctuary early on, as is evident from the first qibla and the ‘traditional interpretation’ of Qur’an 17:1…”[13]

Also, commenting on the views of the scholar Oleg Graber, who previously held the view that the Isra was only linked with Jerusalem after Al-Walid constructed the “Al-Aqsa Mosque” Necipoglu observes that:

“…he now believes that the identification of the Haram with the first qibla of Islam, the Prophet’s Night Journey, and the place of God’s return at the Last Judgment began to take root in Jerusalem between 640 and 690.”[14]

Interestingly, Necripoglu notes:

“…the perception of the precinct as a sanctified place for seeking God’s forgiveness is attested early on by the pilgrimages of several Companions of the Prophet.”[15]

He even quotes Muawiya, one of the companions of Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him), on the importance of the Temple Mount, stating:

“Mu’awiya is reported to have announced from its [the Jerusalem sanctuary] minbar that ‘what is between the two walls of this mosque (masjid) is dearer to God than the rest of the earth,’ presumably a reference to the whole praying ground of the precinct.”[16]

            Coming back to Oleg Graber, let us see more of his views on the matter. Referring to the Temple Mount, he stated that (emphasis ours):

“[b]efore the Ottomans, the space was usually called al-masjid al-aqsa (the Farthest Mosque), a term now reserved to the covered congregational space on the Haram, or masjid bayt al-maqdis (Mosque of the Holy City) or, even, like Mecca’s sanctuary, al-masjid al-haram.”[17]

Furthermore, he stated that (emphasis ours):

“[q]uite early, the association was made between the Muslim space in Jerusalem and the masjid al-aqsa, the “farthest mosque” of Qur’an 17:1, to which the Prophet was transported during his mystical Night Journey.”

Thus, even Orientalist scholars, who maintain a skeptical attitude towards Islam’s early source material, nevertheless agree that the Quran’s reference to Al-Masjid Al-Aqsa had the entire Temple Mount site in mind. They confirm the views of Muslim scholars, such as the ones we have already mentioned in the previous series. Other Muslim scholars that can be added to the table are Professor Haithem F. al-Ratrout,[18] Dr. Shaykh Yusuf Jum’ah Salamah,[19] Dr. Muhammad Hashim Ghosheh,[20] and Dr. Spahic Omer.[21] The commentary on Surah Al-Isra in The Study Quran also confirms this and cites Tabari for support.[22]

            Even Jewish scholars, besides Uri Rubin, acknowledge this. Hillel Cohen explains that:

“[t]he holy site known to Jews as the Temple Mount and to Muslims as Haram al-Sharif or al-Aqsa is central to both the Jewish and Palestinian Arab national movements.”[23]

Why does Shamoun insist on his folly?

            The woes get worse for Shamoun regarding Al-Masjid Al-Haram as well. Readers will recall that Shamoun made the foolish claim that when the Quran refers to Al-Masjid Al-Haram, it was referring only to the Kaaba. Thus, in Shamoun’s view, Al-Masjid Al-Haram is only the Kaaba and does not include the land around it. This view was refuted in the last series. Here are additional scholarly sources for weight of evidence.

            Kristina Lazaridi (International Black Sea University, Georgia) explains that:

“[t]he main pilgrimage sites for Moslems are Mecca and Medina. Mecca is the city were the prophet Muhammad was born in 570. The Mosque Al-Masjid al-Haram is located in Mecca: this is the largest mosque in the world, with a capacity of 700,000 people. Today Mecca is closed to members of other religions, as Muhammad prohibited the entrance of non-Moslem people to the holy place of Islam. The Kaaba, which is “the most sacred site in Islam”, is a cuboid building located in the Al-Masjid al-Haram.[24]

So, the Kaaba is located within Al-Masjid Al-Haram. It is a part of it, but it is not the only part.

            Allison Lee Palmer, when defining the word “mosque” in her book Historical Dictionary of Architecture states that:

“[t]he first mosque is considered to be either the one built around the Kaaba, or ‘House of God,’ in Mecca, now called Al-Masjid al-Haram, or the Quba Mosque in Medina, Saudi Arabia, built when Muhammad arrived there from Mecca in 622.”[25]

            Muslim scholar Syed Ariffin indirectly confirms this as well when referring to the conquest of Mecca in 630 CE. He states that:

“[d]uring the Conquest of Mecca in 630 AD, Muhammad entered the holy precinct of Masjid al-Haram. It was reported by Ibn Ishaq that during that day the Ka’ba was surrounded with 360 idols.”[26]

Furthermore, Ariffin included a drawing from the Turkish scholar Dogan Kuban of Al-Masjid Al-Haram:[27]

Masjid Al-Haram Kaaba

Note the heading of the figure, which clearly indicates that the Kaaba is part of the mosque.

            According to Tafseer As-Sa’di:

“…the virtue that belongs to the Sacred Mosque is applicable to the entire Haram zone; the multiple reward for worship applies to acts of worship anywhere within the Haram zone.”[28]

            As one last piece of evidence to serve as the final nail in Shamoun’s coffin, let us look at a document from the year 837 AH (1433 CE), known to scholars as the Pilgrimage Scroll of Sayyid Yusuf, a descendant of Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him). This document is of interest as it refers to the harams in both Mecca and Jerusalem, and only further demonstrates how clueless Shamoun is. According to Mounia Chekhab-Abudaya, Amélie C. Desvergnes, and David J. Roxburgh (emphasis ours):

“…the mammoth scroll features representations of the major Muslim holy sites and objects including: the Kaʿba and Sacred Mosque (al-Masjid al- arām) in Mecca, with the adjacent “trotting space” (masʿā) extending between Mounts Safa and Marwa; the Mosque of the Prophet Muhammad in Medina,  which housed his tomb and those of the first two caliphs,  Abu Bakr and ʿUmar; the Prophet’s sandal; Jerusalem, featuring the Dome of the Rock and the Aqsa Mosque, built atop the Noble Sanctuary (al-aram al-Sharīf)…”[29]

In other words, this 600-year old document confirms that the “masjids” in Mecca and Jerusalem are not just the buildings, but the land as well. In fact, the authors note that the scroll depicts Al-Masjid Al-Haram (emphasis ours):

“…as a rectangle with the separate sites of importance clearly depicted as discrete entities. The entire site is bounded by an arcade composed of slightly pointed arches set over columns with a lamp hanging inside each bay. Minarets project diagonally from the four corners of the Masjid al-Haram toward the center, in effect pointing toward the Kaʿba as the sacred pole (qibla).”[30]

Here is the image from the scroll clearly showing the Kaaba as being part of Al-Masjid Al-Haram:

            As for Al-Masjid Al-Aqsa (Al-Haram Al-Sharif), the authors describe the scroll’s depiction as follows (emphasis ours):

“The composition suggests to the viewer that the outer arcades correspond to the perimeter walls of the Noble Sanctuary, the temple platform. As seen in the representations of Mecca and Medina, the four minarets at the corners are labelled in association with their most proximate buildings (fig. 12[a] for the Aqsa Mosque, and [b] for the Dome of the Rock).”[31]

But it is the next part that is interesting and makes matters worse for Shamoun (emphasis ours):

Two doors lead to the mosque and bear names similar to those of the Meccan sanctuary: “ʿAli’s Gate” (bāb-i ʿAlī), and “Gate of Peace” (bāb al-salām) (fig. 12[c, left side]). A third door, named “Gate of Hell” (bāb-i Jahannam), referring to the Jahannam Valley (wādī Jahannam) to the east of the Haram, is on the right side, adjacent to the Dome of the Rock (fig. 12[c, right side]).”[32]

Notice that the “doors” lead to the “mosque”, which means that the “mosque” is the entire site (the Noble Sanctuary or the Temple Mount).

The “doors” are marked by the letter ‘c’ in the image above. Readers may remember that Shamoun’s main argument was based on the following hadith from Ibn Sa’d’s Kitab al-Tabaqat Al-Kabir (emphasis ours):

“(The Prophet continued) I stood at al-Hijr, visualised Bayt al-Muqaddas and described its signs. Some of them said: How many doors are there in that mosque? I had not counted them so I began to look at it and counted them one by one and gave them information concerning them.”[33]

Well, we can see again via the Pilgrimage Scroll, that the “doors” refer to the gates enclosing the Noble Sanctuary (Temple Mount), as I had noted way back in my original response to Shamoun.[34]

            Given the overwhelming evidence that the Kaaba is part of Al-Masjid Al-Haram, and not the masjid by itself, we can again reiterate the blowback that Shamoun suffers from his own argument. He had claimed that since Surah 17:1 stated that the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) had been taken from Al-Masjid Al-Haram, and since the ahadith indicate that the specific location from where he was taken was the Kaaba (which is a building), the context would indicate that Al-Masjid Al-Aqsa would also have to refer to a building. I know, I know. The logic is childish at best, but that is Shamounian logic for you. But since we know that his argument was based on a flawed premise (that only the Kaaba is Al-Masjid Al-Haram), and since we know that Al-Masjid Al-Haram is the site which contains the Kaaba, then using Shamoun’s own logic, Al-Masjid Al-Aqsa must also refer to a site, which of course we know to be the Temple Mount, known to Muslims as Al-Masjid Al-Aqsa or the Haram Al-Sharif.

Conclusion

            So, with these additional sources, we can update the table. The result of this tug-of-war is so one-sided, one must wonder if Shamoun is just crazy. If so, he has my sympathy. And Allah (Glorified and Exalted be He) knows best!

A masjid does not have to be a building/Al-Masjid Al-Aqsa refers to the Temple Mount in Jerusalem/Al-Masjid Al-Haram refers to the Kaaba and the land around it A masjid can only be a building/Al-Masjid Al-Aqsa and Al-Masjid Al-Haram refer to physical buildings (i.e., the temple and the Kaaba, respectively)
Muslim scholars Non-Muslim scholars/sources Muslim scholars Non-Muslim scholars Other
Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him)

Hatem Bazian

Ibn Kathir

Ibn Taymiyyah

Ismail Patel

Khalid El-Awaisi

Mohamad Rasdi

Muhammad Asad

Mujir Al-Din Al-Hanbali

Mustafa Abu Sway

Yehia Wazery

Yusuf Ali

Basit Kareem Iqbal

Harlina Sharif

Jamilah Othman

Khalruddin Abdul Rashid

Azila Ahmad Sarkawi

Ibn Manzur

Al-Zarkashy

Qadi Iyad

Muqatil ibn Sulayman

Muawiya ibn Abu Sufyan

Haithem F. al-Ratrout

Shaykh Yusuf Jum’ah Salamah

Muhammad Hashim Ghosheh

Spahic Omer

Syed Ariffin

Dogan Kuban

The Study Quran

Tabari

‘Abdur-Rahman Nasir as-Sa’di (Tafseer As-Sa’di)

Sayyid Yusuf (Pilgrimage Scroll)

 

Aaron W. Hughes

Edward Lane

Jonathan Bloom

Robert Hillenbrand

Sheila Blair

Uri Rubin

Encyclopedia Britannica

Christopher E. Longhurst

Ray Colledge

Angelika Neuwirth

Ophir Yarden

Gulru Necripoglu

Oleg Graber

Hillel Cohen

Kristina Lazaridi

Allison Lee Palmer

Mounia Chekhab-Abudaya

Amélie C. Desvergnes

David J. Roxburgh

None None Sam Shamoun

[1] https://quranandbibleblog.wordpress.com/2019/07/14/al-isra-and-the-temple-in-the-islamic-sources-response-to-sam-shamoun-part-iii-a/

https://quranandbibleblog.wordpress.com/2019/07/15/al-isra-and-the-temple-in-the-islamic-sources-response-to-sam-shamoun-part-iii-b/

https://quranandbibleblog.wordpress.com/2019/07/15/al-isra-and-the-temple-in-the-islamic-sources-a-response-to-sam-shamoun-part-iii-c/

[2] https://quranandbibleblog.wordpress.com/2019/08/03/on-shamouns-challenge-to-debate/

[3] He missed this deadline by more than 2 months. Maybe this is why he didn’t graduate from high school. Deadlines and due dates are a big thing in high school.

[4] Since I knew that Shamoun would return, I had been stockpiling more references for the last few months to bombard him with. This article is the fruit of that research.

[5] Basit Kareem Iqbal, “This Earth a Masjid?”, Islam & Science, 7, no. 1 (Summer 2009), 75, http://cis-ca.org/jol/vol7-no1/End-Matters-7-1.pdf.

[6] Ibid., p. 76.

[7] Harlina Sharif, Jamilah Othman, Khalruddin Abdul Rashid, and Azila Ahmad Sarkawi, “A Survey Of Design Features And Provisions In Surausat Petrol Stations In Klang Valley”, Proceeding of the International Conference on Masjid, Zakat and Waqf, 2016, p. 2, https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Jamilah_Othman/publication/313804806_A_SURVEY_OF_DESIGN_FEATURES_AND_PROVISIONS_IN_SURAUS_AT_PETROL_STATIONS_IN_KLANG_VALLEY/links/58a6f74592851cf0e3b96832/A-SURVEY-OF-DESIGN-FEATURES-AND-PROVISIONS-IN-SURAUS-AT-PETROL-STATIONS-IN-KLANG-VALLEY.pdf.

[8] Christopher E. Longhurst, “Theology Of a Mosque The Sacred Inspiring Form Function and Design In Islamic Architecture”, Lonaard Architecture Critical Reviews, 8, no. 2 (March 2012), p. 4.

[9] Ray Colledge, Mastering World Religions (London: MacMillan Press, 1999), p. 128.

[10] Gideon Avni, “Early Mosques in the Negev Highlands: New Archaeological Evidence on Islamic Penetration of Southern Palestine”, Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research, no. 294 (May 1994): 83–100, https://www.academia.edu/12469858/Early_Mosques_in_the_Negev_Highlands.

[11] Angelika Neuwirth, “Face of God–Face of Man: The Significance of the Direction of Prayer in Islam”, in Self, Soul and Body in Religious Experience, eds.  Albert I. Baumgarten, Jan Assman, and Guy C. Stroumsa (Leiden: Brill, 1998), p. 306.

[12] Ophir Yarden, “Religious Self-Restraint as A Positive Contribution to Easing Tensions In Jerusalem”, p. 65, https://www.kas.de/c/document_library/get_file?uuid=673202bd-6cad-d46a-fddc-3836244156ea&groupId=252038.

[13] Gulru Necipoglu, “The Dome of the Rock as Palimpsest: Abd Al-Malik’s Grand Narrative and Sultan Suleman’s Glosses”, in Muqarnas, An Annual on the Visual Culture of the Islamic World: Frontiers of Islamic Art and Architecture: Essays in Celebration of Grabar’s Eightieth Birthday, Vol. 25, eds. Gulru Necipoglu and Julia Bailey, (Leiden: Brill, 2008), p. 90.

The fact that one of the “earliest expositors” of the Quran, Muqatil ibn Sulayman, linked Surah 17:1 to the Noble Sanctuary (Al-Masjid Al-Aqsa) in Jerusalem is delightfully ironic given Shamoun’s appeals to the “earliest” tafsirs when they suit his purpose. It is clear that he uses these commentaries haphazardly and inconsistently.

[14] Ibid.

[15] Ibid., p. 19.

[16] Ibid.

[17] Oleg Graber, Jerusalem: Constructing the Study of Islamic Art, Vol. 4 (Hampshire: Ashgate Publishing Limited, 2005), p. 203.

[18] Haitem F. Al-Ratrout, “The Second Mosque On Earth That Islamicjerusalem Forgot Revealing The Ancient Al-Aqsa Mosque”, Journal of IslamicJerusalem Studies, 13, Summer 2013: 23-52, https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/294389.

He states that:

“Al-Aqsa Mosque is meant to refer to the enclave surrounded by the present area walls. This enclave consists of famous Muslim buildings such as al-Jami’ al-Aqsa (the congregational Mosque), Qubbet al-Sakhrah (Dome of the Rock) and Bab al-Rahmah (Mercy or Golden Gate)” (pp. 23-24).

Further, he explains that:

“The Qur’an has used a specific term which is “the Mosque” when it refers to the al-Aqsa enclave (Ibn Kathir 1994, 5; al-Nasfi 1995, 614; Qutub 1979 v4, 2210). Semantically, the word masjid (Mosque) was generated from the Arabic language root of sajada, which means to submit. The religious meaning of sajada is to put the forehead on the ground by prostrating oneself (in worship). Al-masjid (the Mosque) is referred to the place of prostration and it is the place of worship (al-Jawhari nd, 482; al-Fayruz-Abadi v1, 300; Ibn Manzur nd. v2; 98; al-Zubaidi nd. v2; 371). Idiomatically, the Mosque refers to the place that is dedicated for all rites of worship associated with oneness (al-Huwaimel 1998, 241). It is that the Qur’anic link between the al-Aqsa Mosque and the term “Mosque” had not been used incidentally. Regardless of the later architectural development the al-Aqsa Mosque enclave and various building alterations that took place subsequently, the Qur’an, at this very time, considers the al-Aqsa Mosque enclave to still preserve its original religious identity” (pp. 27-28).

[19] Dr. Shaykh Yusuf Jum’ah Salamah, Introduction to Guide to the Masjid al-Aqsa, by Dr. Muhammad Hashim Ghosheh, trans. Dr. Robert Schick (Jerusalem: Ministry of Awqaf and Religious Affairs, 2005), p. 12.

In the “Introduction” to the book Guide to the Masjid al-Aqsa, Dr. Salamah states:

“[t]he area of the Masjid al-Aqsa compound reaches 144 dunams and includes all the buildings and open spaces and the enclosure walls.”

[20] Dr. Muhammad Hashim Ghosheh, Guide to the Masjid al-Aqsa, trans. Dr. Robert Schick (Jerusalem: Ministry of Awqaf and Religious Affairs, 2005), p. 14.

Dr. Ghosheh states that:

“[t]he blessed Masjid Al-Aqsa that is mentioned in the Noble Qur’an is the entire compound including the open spaces and the various historic buildings and memorial structures…”

[21] Spahic Omer, The Dome of the Rock: An Analysis of its Origins, p. 1, https://www.academia.edu/13036231/The_Origins_of_the_Dome_of_the_Rock.

Dr. Omer states:

“By the al-Aqsa Mosque we mean the whole area of the Noble Sanctuary, i.e. al-Haram al-Sharif, accounting for the second mosque on earth instituted 40 years after the Ka’bah. The present-day al-Aqsa Mosque covers only a section of the Sanctuary.”

[22] The Study Quran: A New Translation and Commentary, ed. Seyyed Hossein Nasr (New York: HarperOne, 2015), p. 695.

The commentary states that:

“[t]he precincts of the Jerusalem Temple are referred to as the Farthest Mosque…”

[23] Hillel Cohen, “The Temple Mount/al-Aqsa in Zionist and Palestinian National Consciousness: A Comparative View”, Israel Studies Review, 32, no. 1 (Summer 2017): 1, https://www.academia.edu/33360120/The_Temple_Mount_al-Aqsa_in_Zionist_and_Palestinian_National_Consciousness_A_Comparative_View.

[24] Kristina Lazaridi, “Religious Tourism in Christianity and Islam”, 8th Silk Road International Conference, Development of Tourism in Black and Caspian Seas Regions, 2013, p. 77, http://217.147.235.82/bitstream/1234/242413/1/8t_Internacional_Silk_Road_Symposium_%202013.pdf#page=83

[25] Allison Lee Palmer, Historical Dictionary of Architecture, 2nd Edition (Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield, 2016), p. 236.

[26] Syed Ahmad Iskander Syed Ariffin, Architectural Conservation in Islam: Case Study of the Prophet’s Mosque (Malaysia: Penerbit, 2005), p. 36.

[27] Ibid., p. 39.

[28] ‘Abdur-Rahman Nasir as-Sadi, Tafseer As-Sa’di: Juz 13-15, Vol. 5, trans. Nasiruddin al-Khattab (Riyadh: International Islamic Publishing House, 2018), p. 261.

[29] Mounia Chekhab-Abudaya, Amélie C. Desvergnes, and David J. Roxburgh, “Sayyid Yusuf’s 1433 Pilgrimage Scroll (Ziyārātnāma) In The Collection Of The Museum Of Islamic Art, Doha”, in Muqarnas: An Annual on the Visual Cultures of the Islamic World, Vol. 33, ed. Gulru Necipoglu (Leiden: Brill, 2016), p. 345, https://www.academia.edu/32361145/_Sayyid_Yusuf_s_1433_Pilgrimage_Scroll_Ziy%C4%81r%C4%81tn%C4%81ma_in_the_Collection_of_the_Museum_of_Islamic_Art_Doha_co-authors_Prof._David_Roxburgh_and_Am%C3%A9lie_Couvrat-Desvergnes_Muqarnas_33_December_2016_345-407.

[30] Ibid., p. 351.

[31] Ibid., p. 358.

[32] Ibid.

[33] Ibn Sa’d, Kitab al-Tabaqat Al-Kabir, 1:56:1, www.soebratie.nl/religie/hadith/IbnSad.html.

[34] https://quranandbibleblog.wordpress.com/2019/04/14/al-isra-and-the-temple-in-the-islamic-sources-a-response-to-sam-shamoun/

 



Categories: Hadith, History, Islam, Jerusalem, Muhammad, Palestine, Qur'an, Sam Shamoun, Scholars

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92 replies

  1. I had this article ready to go as soon as Shamoun returned from the underworld. It was ready in January. All I had to do was click “Publish”. LOL!!

  2. It was more than just having a loudmouth Faiz, he tried to insult your family, constantly mentioned your wife with his insults hopefully you didn’t delete those educative comments so everyone can study the differences between a civilized man and an overweight baboon

  3. Accept the challenge for a moderate debate. Both will get the same amount of time.

  4. @ Washer

    This isn’t the first time he’s asked for a “debate” lol. He first was okay with written correspondence then got lit up and switched to wanting to go live. The question is why? 🤔🤔🤔 Oh so he can do a thing called a “gish gallop” which he can’t do in writing.

    https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gish_gallop

    • Debates are overrated and Faiz touched a nerve for sure, he got pissed off to such an extent that he tracked his personal facebook ID and released it, accused him of supporting extremists and urged his minions to troll Faiz on his blog…adding this to the wife insults…Faiz will have to stoop really low to agree to a debate after all this

    • What if Faiz was hiding his real identity behind his QB persona for security reasons? Did that semi evolved half ape have this in mind before disgustingly doing it…he crossed the line and made it way too personal

  5. I’m not aware of an official written debate between Faiz and Sam. I mean with a format, rules and regulation. I know they write in the comment section on different articles.

    I’m going, to be honest. I’m not saying it because Faiz is a Muslim. But he is no where near the level of Sam Shamoun. I’m not surprised he won’t do a public debate. I can say honestly, I won’t be able to debate Sam Shamoun as well.

    If you want to debate on Islam. I don’t think we have any Muslim apologist who can take on Sam or Christian Prince right now. They are right now ahead of Shabir Ally, Adnan Rashid and whoever you consider amoung the best.

    And Faiz is not even one of the best you have right now. He is not in the same league.

    My honest opinion.

    Whose the best debater you have in your opinion?

    • Shamoun didn’t even complete high school, and you think he is unbeatable? You’re an idiot.

    • LOL!! Christian princess? Really? You mean the student of Imam Murrah? The guy who once claimed that the Greek word “Christ” meant “God”? Really dude?

      Christian Princess has been nursing some serious butt-hurt too, after getting mauled by brother Farid. I have catalogued Farid’s videos on CP here: https://quranandbibleblog.wordpress.com/2019/12/13/progress-report-what-have-we-learned-about-christian-princess-aka-christian-dunce-so-far/

      Seriously dude, try to think for yourself. It’s for your own good. Don’t be like typical drone.

      Now since you are apparently just a low-level secretary, going around trying to set-up “moderated” debates for your masters (again, you need to break free of their control over you), why don’t you tell Christian Princess to accept Farid’s challenge for a debate? CP has yet to accept. Of course, in my view, the debate is not needed anyway, as Farid has already destroyed CP’s credibility by demonstrating his ignorance and deception (see the link above). But he did challenge CP to a debate: https://youtu.be/tFXltyy-37A

      And please respond with the same predictable responses of other CP slave-boys. Don’t say “call him Abduuuuul!” Since you like “moderated debates”, then you should support the idea of such a debate between the legendary Farid and your pathetic pseudo-scholar Christian Princess. So go on. Go to your master and tell him to accept Farid’s challenge.

    • “I’m not aware of an official written debate between Faiz and Sam. I mean with a format, rules and regulation. I know they write in the comment section on different articles.”

      See the links I gave above. READ, Washer, READ! Open your mind and come out of your little bubble!

  6. As long as your little bubble makes you happy, what makes you think that you can’t debate him though? Anyway rhetoric, chest thumping and fanboyism aside do you have anything factual you feel that needs to be addressed in terms of the topic at hand pertaining to the contents of the recent rebuttals counter rebuttals going on between both parties? Certainly you must be indecided about the conclusions for taking your precious time to ask for a debate

  7. No idea what’s in the article. Don’t care about Faiz articles. I saw his comments and articles before. I was not impressed. That why I’m encouraging him to do the debate. If Sam was not ready for Faiz. I wont encourage it.

    It will be a disaster for him. It will be the end of his “career”.

    Even the “gish gallop” excuse won’t work. Since Christians, Muslims and others will see it. That would be a great opportunity for Faiz if that all Sam does during the debate. We will see Faiz is better. But reality he is not better.

    Now if it’s the other way around. If Faiz is the one using “gish gallop”. He will still lose the debate. I don’t see him win in any way.

    And Faiz is very rude to people in the comment section. It’s not as if he’s nice person. Maybe he’s only a keyboard warrior. A “keyboard gish gallop”. 😆

    • Washer: No idea what’s in the article. Don’t care about Faiz articles.

      You don’t know what’s in the article but you’re pretty sure Shamoun can refute it. Let me guess. You don’t have an education beyond high school?

      • It’s an article by Faiz Lol. I already know its shit. As mentioned before, I saw his work before. It’s not very good.

        Unless of a massive improvement in the last few months.

        If you had an education you would see I wrote I read his previous articles and comments. It’s a waste of time. That why I don’t take him seriously. Surely you have an education unlike your prophet?

      • 😂😂😂 The dishwasher obviously suffered a little butthurt himself.

        Hey dishwasher, tell me. Do rabbits chew the cud? 😉

    • LOL!! So Dishwasher is just another braindead moron who simply cannot process information and doesn’t have the mental capacity to read and think critically! OK Dishwasher! Got it!

      “Gish gallop” doesn’t work in written articles, dummy. And that is not the only reason I don’t do debates.

      And do you really think anyone cares what you think? Do you think I care? I mean if you want to be an idiot and join your master in hell for eternity, that’s your business. What do I care?

      • Farid was one of the Muhammadan hiding behind Muhammad Hijab and Ali Dawah. He already got spank with his students. Farid can call CP any day. Your very quick to change the subject. Let’s not talk about the public debate you’re running away. Let’s talk about Farid and CP. Lol

      • 🤣🤣🤣🤣 Oh man, this dishwasher is so predictable! “Call cp Abduuul”! What happened to the “moderated debate” that you like so much, dummy? 😂 I tell ya. Christian apologists are so stupid. No wonder your religion is hemorraghing and is predicted to lost 100 MILLION followers in the next 20 years or so! Alhamdulillah!

      • You just prove you care by commenting lol.

        You just prove my point by being rude. The “Gish gallop” excuse does not work since your an idiot.

      • 🤣🤣🤣 The dishwasher is complaining about “rudeness” and yet he supports the legendary Scam Shamoun! Wow!

        Not to mention the foul language the dishwasher has already used. There you have it folks. These are the clowns and the low-intellectual level we have to deal with.

        Thus far, the dishwasher has yet to offer a substantive discussion on anything relevant. Instead, like a typical fanboy/cheerleader, all he does is wave his pompoms and try to build up the hype behind his master.

        Did you ask cp to accept Farid’s challenge yet, dishwasher?

      • The moderate debate is to help you, idiot. After you claim you will feel overwhelmed. So as you get as much time to talk. Moderate or not I don’t care. You will lose both ways.

      • 🤣🤣🤣 Whatever you say dishwasher! Believe what you want. The rest of us, who have more than 2 braincells, will assess the evidence provided and think critically.

      • @ Qb

        Wasn’t he just clamoring for a “moderated debate” and is now telling Farid to just call up CP? Well, same with Shamou he can just type up a response like he said he would.

      • I know, right? The dishwasher is too stupid to see the irony. That’s why I say that most Christian apologists are stupid. It’s hilarious. 🤣

  8. You might have an excuse if you know Sam will be rude to a very nice and honest Muslim. Which I don’t think he will do that.

    But you don’t have this excuse with Faiz. Since he’s rude to many people in the comment section.

    Faiz and his fanboys keep making excuses. Because they know he won’t last long in a debate.

    • LOL!! Dishwasher, until you actually start using more than 2 brain cells, your opinions are meaningless. We know you like to kiss your master’s read-end. It’s okay. We understand.

      • As long as I don’t kiss the black stone I’m good. Be careful while kissing the black stone because of the quranavirus.

      • 😂😂😂 Deflecting already are we?

        Let me also change the subject. Why did Jacob anoint a stone with oil? Sounds a bit too pagan, doesn’t it?

      • So you just admit, you have to change the subject. Lol, You see why I think you’re a joke. You’re the one who mentions kissing. That backfired. Lol

      • 🤣🤣🤣 You changed the subject dummy. I just started playing your game and lookie here, already you have joined your Masters in the butt-hurt ward. 😂😂

      • I did not you donkey. The subject is you running away like a coward from public debate. Speaking about the kiss, cp and Farid is not the subject. Do you realize you change the subject now donkey?

      • 😂😂 Moron, I responded to your silly request for a debate. I brought up Farid and Cp in a separate post. I know your brain overwhelmed Christian donkey. You have my sympathy.

        After you suffered the butt-hurt, you tried to change the topic to the black stone, so I caused you some more butt-hurt by showing the pagan stone worship in your Bible. You’re pathetic! 🤣

      • I know it’s separate your donkey. You prove my point. It’s about debate. Not kiss. So that backfired. And you admit you have to change subject. And you mention paganism. I only said quranavirus. Funny you assiociate kissing black stone with paganism. I just wanted you to be careful because of the quranavirus. I told you, you’re dumb.

      • 😂😂😂 You’re the one who brought Cp into the discussion moron. I simply responded to your hypocrisy. The kissing comment was just meant to trigger you, which it did, since you changed the subject to the black stone and got burned. You guys are so predictable. I’ve embarrassed alot of your kind on this blog and Twitter. You all make the same arguments and jump around like monkeys in the same way. 🤣🤣

        And when did I say kissing the black stone is paganism, moron? See now you’re just lying. I said your Bible claims that Jacob anointed a stone with oil. That is paganism. Try to keep up dishwasher.

      • @ Shaad and QB

        Yeah, I hate when they do the fake curiosity and passive-aggressive route. But like you noted Shaad, once you hear certain names you already know what time it is. It’s like Marc, yesterday when he lied and said Geiger wasn’t biassed towards Islam. The moment he said that I already knew and just had to press him.

      • Idiot that was another conversation with another user.

        Retard I spoke of Quranavirus. You bring up paganism. Which indicate you associate the black stone with paganism. It’s ok as soon as someone mention black stone you speak about paganism. This is embarrassing.

      • 😂😂😂 Oy vei, this dishwasher is clueless! Moron, we’re still waiting for your answer to Stew’s question. What do you think I’ve been poking you about?

        And again, why do you keep lying dummy? You know you brought up the black stone as a subtle jab at Islam. Like I said, I’ve talked to many morons like you. You all make the same argument. Apparently to your idiotic minds, kissing the stone amounts to worship of it. You guys are pathetic! It’s a non-sequitur, stupid.

        In contrast, in the Bible, Jacob poured oil on a stone. That is paganism. I see you’ve been avoiding this. 🤣

      • If you want to defend something I did not even say. Go for it. It’s you debating yourself. Lol, you’re a funny guy.

      • 😂 Oh come on dishwasher. I wasn’t born yesterday. I know how you clods operate. Don’t lie.

    • Washer: “I’m not aware of an official written debate between Faiz and Sam. I mean with a format, rules and regulation. ”

      Also Washer: “No idea what’s in the article. Don’t care about Faiz articles.”

      Well, there you have it, folks.

      • 😂😂 That’s the 2 braincells operating at maximum capacity. 🤣

      • Already replied to this one. Like the other guy, you did not notice. I wrote I did read his previous works. That why I don’t care about his work anymore. I know it’s sh*t.

      • Uh huh, sure sure. So tell me. Do rabbits chew the cud?

      • @ Washer

        I too am curious about these “cud-chewing” rabbits. Actually, I’m joking I already know that’s wrong, quick question are there any agreed-upon forged passages in the “Holy” Bible?

      • Whoa Stew. You’re asking too much of the dishwasher. He only has 2 braincells. Have some compassion.

      • Including the gospel and Torah?

      • @ Washer

        The Gospel and Torah isn’t the “Holy” Bible, sir. I asked in your text are there agreed-upon forgeries of entire passages?

      • That’s a diversion by the way. But if you insist to divert to talk about the corruption of the Torah and Gospel of Allah. Go for it. But my guess it will make Allah sound silly. Do you consider the word of Allah to be sacred? Or holy? What’s it’s importance?

      • 😂 me thinks the dishwasher’s butt-hurt is about to get a lot worse. Who else here thinks this monkey is going to plagiarize Shamoun’s articles?

      • @ QB

      • @ Dishwasher

        Unlike you, I find God’s Word actually binding and don’t pick and choose what I like from it. Also, before continuing let me help you out and just show real quick Jesus(as) used the word “Allah” and never once YHWH or YHVH or whatever you say because you don’t know how to pronounce it:

        https://www.blueletterbible.org/lang/lexicon/lexicon.cfm?t=kjv&strongs=h426

        So now that we established that. Are there forgeries in the “Holy” Bible, just need a yes or no, good sir?

      • I can hear the frantic Googling right now. Plus, the dishwasher probably has alot of dishes to wash. 😂

      • Aww, that’s so cute!

      • My friend if you can prove the Torah and Gospel of Allah was corrupted. You will give me reasons not to trust Allah. I truly don’t want to believe in a useless God who let most of his revelation get corrupted. I’ll become an atheist since my guess you will make Allah sound stupid.

      • 😂😂 Answer the question dishwasher. Stop stalling. The corruption in your Bible has nothing to do with Allah or Islam. Now go on. Answer the question.

      • Ok Pagan also use the word Allah. Does that mean you worship the same God as the pagan? What’s your point? I don’t know why you got triggered because I wrote the Gospel and Torah of Allah? Lol.

      • His point is that you insulting Allah is contradictory to Jesus’ teaching because he also referred to God as Allah, dummy.

        Why didn’t Jesus refer to God as YHWH? By the way, why is YHWH described in the Bible in the same way that El was described in the pagan Canaanite myths(i.e., an old man with white hair)?

      • Why do you keep stalling, dishwasher? Why don’t you answer the question? What are you afraid of?

      • @ Washer

        Uhoh, it looks like somebody’s uncomfortable with the topic. C’mon man, this is your chance to preach to us. Does the Bible have forged passages in it?

      • He’s gonna stall for as long as he can. Who does he remind you of from my blog? A certain Indian Christian? 😉

      • @ QB

        Oh yeah, lol. Say what you want about Shamoun at least he knows his target audience is a bunch of dumb@$$e$. He said he’d become an atheist like his weak @$$ iman hurts me or something 😂😂😂

        Now let’s see if he’ll answer (I think we have a new potential for the wall of shame!)

      • Oh definitely! This guy reminds me so much of Zozo! It’s amazing the kind of herd mentality these clods have. They’re just a bunch of mindless drones.

      • Ok, you’re wasting my time. You could have converted me to atheism after proving that most of Allah revelation are corrupted lol. Thousand or Hundreds of prophets and most of his revelation got corrupted. Lol, It’s a shame I did not hear the stupidity of your Allah. You’re clearly uncomfortable at proving your Allah is a useless God. Good night brother. I give you advice before I go. It’s better to be an atheist than to believe in an Allah who doesn’t respect his own word by preserving it. The day I think like you, I’ll become an atheist.

      • 😂😂 He’s running away folks! Bye bye dishwasher! See you soon!

        And please become an atheist. Or remain a brainless Christian. It doesn’t matter. You’ll still go to hell either way.

      • 😂 Allah HAS to preserve all His scriptures. That’s Christian logic for you. That’s like saying Allah has to preserve His creation and keep it perfect. If He doesn’t, He doesn’t respect His own creation. #StupidChristians.

      • @ Washer

        Ahhhhh!!! You mad, lol! So you said all that, to say the Bible does or doesn’t have forgeries in it? 😂😂😂

      • My diagnosis: Severe butt-hurt.
        Treatment: Get a new brain.

      • @ QB

        He ran away kinda early, do you think he should still go to the wall?

      • We’ll give him another day or two, if he even comes back.

      • Oh dear totally as expected…from the pseudo open minded nice guy tone to full on shamounian, this one didn’t take long compared to the others

      • Yeah, they put on this facade of being objective and acting like they’re just innocent bystanders and then poof, they show their true selves. As soon as he mentioned Christian princess, I knew what to expect from this pimple and he didn’t disappoint. They live on deception and ignorance. It speaks volumes about their faith.

      • If a librarian loses thousands or hundreds of books except for the one you will fire him. If hundreds or thousands of patient dies because of a doctor expects one. You won’t trust that guy. All the books of Allah got corrupted except for one. After sending thousands or hundreds of prophets. Please give me the information about why I should not trust Allah since Allah is useless, unreliable and not very smart. I don’t believe Allah respect his own words enough to preserve it. I assume it’s sacred and holy.

      • 🤣🤣🤣 He’s back from his nap! Let me guess. You lost sleep trying to come up with an analogy. This is the best you could do?

        Moron, how many times did the Jews fall into idolatry? They kept failing again and again. Does that mean God would not send prophets to them to bring them back to truth? The same thing happened with the corruptions. Prophets were sent to bring them back to truth but they just didn’t learn their lesson. The Christians had the same problem.

      • @Faiz
        Allah said let the people of the book be judge by their books. If staying a Christian send you to hell that another reason to not trust Allah.

        I don’t even know why you’re commenting since you don’t bring anything to the conversation.

        And apparently, you don’t care. You send a lot of message for someone who does not care. Lol

        And If I become an atheist I will see Muhammad in hell.

      • 😂😂 Still not answering the question, huh? Why are you afraid, dishwasher?

        And now you’re deflecting again? Come now, dishwasher. Your butt-hurt is quite palpable.

        And no, you’ll join Paul in hell. Muhammad (pbuh) will be in the highest station in Paradise enjoying eternity of nearness to Allah and bliss. Alhamdulillah!

      • I don’t care about your opinions of me, silly goose. But I can’t help but put ignorant Christian drones in their place. It’s just too tempting! 🤣

      • You will meet Aisha and Muhammad in hell. Ali, Uthman and so on.

        Let even assume you’re correct. Allah can still preserve his word. That not a reason to treat his holy and sacred words like garbage. Lol

        Since Allah say let the people of the book be judge by their book. I guess we can’t trust Allah. By the way will Christian and Jews be judge by a corrupt book?

      • 🤣 Dummy, it was heretics like you who misused Allah’s words.

        Still not answering the question, though! Wow! You’re so afraid. Poor dishwasher.

        I can just see it. You and Paul and the other Christian drones together in hell. You should dress appropriately. It’s going to be quite hot.

        InshaAllah, I will be in Paradise, close to Allah and His beloved prophet.

      • Keep telling yourself that whatever makes you happy. Muhammad and all of his sahaba are burning in hell.

        Thank you for proving. Christians should not trust Allah when Allah says let the people of the book be judge by their books. (Probably a corrupt book according to Muslim). Lol

        Getting bored with your nonsense. I guess I don’t care anymore to listen to your stupidity. But unlike you, I won’t send heaps of message while claiming I don’t care lol.

        But this will trigger you even more. Make sure to send more message begging for attention.

        Say hi to Muhammad and Aisha when you see them in hell. Tell them they deserve it for eternity. Muhammad will not be proud of you for not defending him on a public stage. It’s ok coward. Self proclaim champion of twitter. Great title to have on your apologetic resume.

        I debate Christian on Twitter. Twitter apologist lol

      • Keep telling yourself that, monkey. 🤣

        No one should trust Christians. Your religion is built on a foundation of lies. Forged verses. Forged books. It’s amazing!

        Running away again, huh? Say hi to Paul, Shamoun and Cp while you’re roasting in hell.

      • Washer: If a librarian loses thousands or hundreds of books except for the one you will fire him.

        If God can let children die from cancer why can’t He allow the Bible to be corrupted?

  9. @ Washer

    Oh glad you can join us! Back from the dead I see? Man you sure had time to write all that but can’t write, yes or no to the basic question did someone take your text and add passages in their that you all thought were God’s Word?It’s weird ig you ask me I’d say no. 🤔🤔🤔 What about you QB?

    As for your “judge by our books” don’t worry you guys are so predictable I took care of that here you go:
    https://quranandbibleblog.wordpress.com/

    As noted by QB, using your poor analagy how incompetent is the “Daddy” to choose a people as His chosen but they kept breaking the most basic fundamental of don’t worship anyone but you.

    Also, as a note genius you weren’t talking to me about the Black Stone. If you couldn’t tell I’m waiting for you to preach the word to me through the Holy Spirit and answer my pretty basic question.

    Now I know you’re new here but when you refuse to answer a simple question we screen shot and add it to our “wall of shame”. If you keep ignoring me I’m going to be forced to nominate you Walter so go ahead and answer that basic stuff for me. What’s up your “Holy” Bible have forgeries or what?

    • @ Washer

      Oh and oopsy daisy silly me I’d forget my head if it wasn’t attached. Since your so confident and apparently have your hands over a crystal ball🔮about how people are doing in the Hereafter. Why don’t you pray that we be neighbors of Prophet Muhammad(saw) wherever they are and you get the opposite?

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